ABSTRACT
Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of infection control fatigue and social support on burnout among nurses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. @*Methods@#This study is a descriptive survey study designed to confirm the effects of nurses' infection control fatigue and social support on burnout among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard devia analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 26.0. @*Results@#An analysis of the correlations between fatigue from infection control, social support, and burnout showed a positive correlation between burnout and fatigue from infection control (r=.39, p<.001), and a negative correlation between burnout and social support (r=-.29, p<.001). Conflict and lack of support due to uncertain circumstances (β=.51, p<.001), support from supervisor's (β=-.22, p<.001), and experience of infection management education during the previous 1year (β=-.15, p=.007) were identified as the factors that influenced burnout among nurses, and explained 39.0% of the variance in burnout. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study demonstrate that fatigue from infection control and social support influence burnout levels among nurses, which suggests the need to establish a new kind of work culture. Additionally, the findings call for the development and implementation of interventional programs that can reduce fatigue from infection control and increase social support for nurses.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#The standard surgical procedure for primary hyperparathyroidism is the bilateral exploration. However, the unilateral exploration and direct focused parathyroidectomy have been performed to reduce surgical morbidity. The purpose of this study was to report the surgical outcomes and efficacy of the bilateral exploration, unilateral exploration, and direct focused approaches for primary hyperparathyroidism.Subjects and Method We retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes of 87 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism from January 2007 to December 2017. We compared the operative time, complication and recurrence rate between the three operative methods. @*Results@#The most common histopathology was parathyroid adenoma, which was found in 73 cases (83.9%), followed by hyperplasia. In terms of complications, there were two cases of transient vocal cord palsy, one case of hematoma, one case of hypocalcemia and one case of hungry bone syndrome. Recurrence occurred in two (2.3%) out of 87 cases. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the three surgical approaches. @*Conclusion@#The success rate of surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism is high. Direct focused parathyroidectomy may be a good option for parathyroid adenoma if the localization tests localize the lesion. The bilateral exploration is effective for parathyroid hyperplasia.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#Infectious mononucleosis is mainly caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection and it presents sore throat, fever, tonsillar enlargement with exudate, cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and etc. Therefore, it is often misdiagnosed with acute tonsillitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with infectious mononucleosis and recent changes.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: From January 2008 to December 2017, we retrospectively studied 83 patients who were diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. We evaluated the patients' clinical characteristics such as sex, age, onset of disease, the department first visited, period of hospital stay, symptoms, signs, the results of serologic test, and complications.@*RESULTS@#Among 83 patients, 41 were male and 42 were female. The mean age was 16.1±7.28, with the oldest patient being 38 years old and the youngest patient being 2 years old. The proportion of patients older than 25 years was 10.8%. The most common symptom was sore throat (77%), followed by fever (67%), upper respiratory infection symptoms such as cough, sputum, rhinorrhea (37%), abdominal pain (16%), neck mass or neck pain (13%), and headache (4%). The most common sign was tonsillar enlargement (85%), followed by tonsillar white patch (68%), hepatosplenomegaly (67%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (60%). Complication occurred in 2 patients with mild jaundice, and there was no critical complication. The department patients first visited was mostly otolaryngology (61%), followed by pediatrics (21%), gastroenterology (9%), and others (6%).@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with infectious mononucleosis mostly appeared to have fever, pharyngitis or cervical lymphadenitis, and the complication rate was low. The primary infection age of infectious mononucleosis tended to increase in recent years. In adult patients, cervical lymphadenitis was less, and white blood cell count and the proportion of lymphocyte was lower compared to pediatric patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ranulas, pseudo cysts found on the floor of mouth, develop from the retention or extravasation of saliva from the sublingual gland. The main treatment of ranula is surgical excision but the extent of surgery is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of sublingual gland excision in the surgical treatment of ranula. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 112 patients with ranula who had undergone surgical excision from January 2004 to April 2016. Those who underwent any previous treatment such as sclerotherapy, marsupialization, or excision of cyst were excluded in the study. Surgical outcomes including complications and recurrence were compared between the group that went through simple cyst excision and the group that went through cyst and sublingual gland excision. RESULTS: Of 112 patients, 94 were simple ranula and 18 were plunging ranula. Thirty-seven (33%) were male and 75 (67%) were female. Of the 94 simple ranula patients, 23 underwent excision of cyst only; the remaining 71 patients and all other patients with plunging ranula underwent excision of cyst and sublingual gland together. The recurrence rate was significantly lower for the cyst and sublingual gland excision group than for the simple cyst excision group (2.2% vs. 17.4%, p=0.004). The complication rate did not differ between the two groups (4.3% vs. 1.1%, p=0.298). CONCLUSION: The excision of sublingual glands as well as cysts is an important option to reduce recurrence in the surgical treatment of ranula.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Methods , Mouth Floor , Ranula , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Saliva , Sclerotherapy , Sublingual GlandABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis is a common complication in cancer patients. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and prognostic factors for patients with metastatic brain tumor. METHODS: The records of 97 patients with metastatic brain tumor during the period from January 1991 to November 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The most common primary tumor is lung cancer (61 cases, 63%) followed by metastatic cancer unknown primary site (15 cases, 16%), gastrointestinal cancer (13 cases, 13%), breast cancer (6 cases, 6%) and renal cancer (2 cases, 2%). There were 44 patients with a single brain metastasis and 53 patients with multiple brain metastases. The median survival was 3.0 months and one-year survival rate was 8% irrespective of treatment. Favorable prognostic factors which affect survival were ambulatory status (p<0.01) and functional neurologic class 1, 2 (p<0.01). Median survival was 3.7 months for patients with steroid therapy and 1.1 months with no therapy (p<0.01). Median survival was 4.8 months for patients with steroid therapy plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 2.2 months with steroid therapy alone (p<0.01). Additional chemotherapy did not appear to affect the survival. The patients treated with surgery had median survival time of 8.8 months compared with 2.5 months for patients treated with steroid therapy plus WBRT (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In present study, we confirmed that whole brain irradiation and corticosteroid administration are effective palliative treatment for patients with metastatic brain tumor. Initial performance status and neurological function were identified as important prognostic factors. Although confounded by the limitations of retrospective study, more aggressive treatments including surgery and chemotherapy could be regarded to have a significant role to achieve better treatment outcome in some selected cases.